PAFAH1B1 and subcortical band heterotopia: PAFAH1B1-associated lissencephaly/subcortical band heterotopia, also referred to as LIS1-associated lissencephaly/subcortical band heterotopia, encompasses Miller–Dieker syndrome (MDS), isolated lissencephaly sequence (ILS) and, infrequently, subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) [120].