TGFB1 and neoplasm: Activated cancer-associated fibroblasts produce several growth factors and cytokines that promote tumor progression such as FGF, EGF, TGF-β1, HGF, VEGF, stroma-derived factor-1, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL14 (148–150).