In metabolic disorders, such as NAFLD and T2DM, impaired IRs-1 level was observed, for instance, lipid accumulation in the liver was closely associated with increased serine phosphorylation of IRs-1 (Araujo et al., 2018; Dallak, 2018; Dong et al., 2019). Here, IRS1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.