Numerous studies examining the retinas of sporadic and transgenic animal models of AD have reported Aβ deposits and hyperphosphorylated tau, often in association with retinal ganglion cell degeneration, local inflammation (i.e., microglial activation), impairments of retinal structure and function (Alexandrov et al., 2011; Koronyo-Hamaoui et al., 2011; Zhao et al., 2013; Tsai et al., 2014; Du et al., 2015; Pogue et al., 2015; Hart et al., 2016), and an increase in cytoplasmic AβPP in the photoreceptor layer in transgenic rodents (Ning et al., 2008; Dutescu et al., 2009). The gene discussed is APP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.