TNF and neoplasm: In addition, by Luminex assay analysis, the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IP-10, RANTES, and MIP-1α significantly decreased in the supernatant of macrophages co-cultured with GC-MSCs, whereas the secretions of IL-6, IL-10, VEGF, and MCP-1, which are in favor of tumor progression, increased notably (Fig. 4c).