TNF and infection: We observed that after infection, three cytokines were produced in larger amounts under LCC infection than AIC infection: IL-1β showed 2.9-fold increase under AIC versus 15.6-fold increase under LCC; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) showed 66.4-fold increase under AIC versus 200.4-fold increase under LCC; IL-4 showed 6-fold increase under AIC versus 31.8-fold increase under LCC.