Despite the impressive anti-tumour activity by removing the barrier of immune checkpoint, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 reactivate the T cell-mediated anti-tumour immunity, and meanwhile, inevitably break the innate immuno-homeostasis via facilitating the loss of immune tolerance to autoantigens [1], which is associated with the generation of adverse events, known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.