CD47 and neoplasm: In addition, targeting the SIRPα/CD47 axis enhances tumor growth inhibition by existing tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies (e.g. rituximab, trastuzumab, alemtuzumab, daratumumab and cetuximab) [8, 12–14] and synergizes with other treatments including chemotherapy [15], radiotherapy [16], targeted therapy using small-molecule drugs [17] as well as immunotherapeutic agents blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 axis [18, 19].