CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: ICIs specific for anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 or anti-programmed death (PD)-1 have improved patient survival and have been approved for the treatment of several cancer types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cell cancer [1–3].