CXCL12 and neoplasm: CXCL12, also called stromal-derived factor–1 (SDF-1), is a chemokine factor that activates several divergent intracellular signaling pathways involved in a variety of cellular processes (cell survival, gene transcription, chemotaxis, and integrin expression, such as integrin αVβ3 on the surface of circulating tumor cells) [28].