PTEN and neoplasm: As one of the most commonly altered tumor suppressors, PTEN could convert phosphatidylinositol - 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate (PIP3) to phosphatidylinositol - 4, 5 - bisphosphate (PIP2), rise in protein synthesis, cell cycle progression, migration and survival, and thus inactivate PI3K/AKT pathway directly [29].