A further study showed that silibinin treatment significantly reduced MDA, ROS, GSH, and nitrite levels, strictly associated with STZ-induced memory impairment, and strongly counteracted the increase of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the decrease of α-7nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA expression in IC-STZ-mouse brains, suggesting that the beneficial effect may be due to the improvement in brain energy metabolism and cholinergic function [103]. This evidence concerns the gene ACHE and memory impairment.