VIM and cancer: In agreement with these hypotheses, in mesenchymal type of cancer cells (triple-negative and basal-type breast cancers and aggressive colon cancers) treated with ABA or APC, the increased levels of epithelial markers (CDH1 and CTNNB1) were appreciable, whereas the mesenchymal marker (VIM, SNAIL, SLUG, and CDH2) expressions were suppressed.