NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: ELA treatment significantly suppressed the increased expression of mRNA associated with cardiac hypertrophy, such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), and b-myosin heavy chain (b-Myhc)7, as well as markers of markers of myocardial injury such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), Troponin I and markers of oxidative stress such as membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD).