RASAL2 and cancer: However, RASAL2 also functions as an oncogene in various cancers via the RAS-ERK pathway (12), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway (9), nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway (9), and ERK/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (13).