As cancer cells undergo EMT, epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin, ZO-1, and cytokeratin, are downregulated, whereas mesenchymal markers, such as N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, and twist, are upregulated, and in some cases, morphological changes lead to the appearance of spindle-shaped cells (42). This evidence concerns the gene CDH2 and cancer.