The three integrins α4β7 (CD49d/β7), α4β1 (CD49d/CD29) and αEβ7 (CD103/β7) appear to be especially important for mucosal T cell localization [84], which has implications for HIV pathogenesis, and since these parameters are also influenced by parasitic infections [85, 86], this could have important implications for the effect of endemic infections on HIV transmission. This evidence concerns the gene ITGA4 and parasitic infectious disease.