Moreover, low numbers of CD86+ TAMs have been correlated with an aggressive tumor phenotype in patients.42 Since we identified anti-inflammatory macrophages in obesity, with significantly lower CD86 expression, and anti-inflammatory macrophages are known to significantly contribute to cancer progression, we speculate that these macrophages may affect cancer progression in patients and that weight loss will be beneficial in this respect as well. The gene discussed is CD86; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.