NFKB1 and colitis: As NF-κB signaling activation plays a pivotal role in colitis-associated CRC development (Sun, 2012), we detected its activation and found that FMT treatment reduced the colonic expression of phospho-p65, which is the key factor of canonical NF-κB pathway regulating colon inflammations (Dijkstra et al., 2002), but did not influence phospho-p100 in AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice, suggesting that the whole gut microbiome mainly activated the canonical NF-κB pathway in the colon.