A previous study reported that α-MG exacerbates experimental colitis and promotes dysbiosis in mice (Gutierrez-Orozco et al., 2014), but another study showed α-MG ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (You et al., 2017). Here, NFKB1 is linked to colitis.