To elucidate the relationship between CTHRC1 expression and tumor angiogenesis, we utilized Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to determine whether a previously defined set of angiogenesis-associated genes showed statistically significant, concordant differences between the high-CTHRC1 group and the low-CTHRC1 group (ES = 0.556, NES = 1.442; P < 0.001; Fig. 3b) in our microarray data. Here, CTHRC1 is linked to neoplasm.