DKK1 and osteoporosis: PA results in apoptosis and inhibits survival in osteocytes by induction of autophagy failure, which is indicated by conspicuous increase in LC3‐II and reduction of autophagosomes/lysosomes in cytoplasm.234 In addition, PA exerts effects on bone turnover by decreasing expression of DKK1, RANKL and sclerostin in osteocytes.234 Given osteocytes apoptosis and dysfunction are two common changes in osteoporotic bone, PA might play a part in the pathogenesis as well as potential therapeutic applications in osteoporosis.