KRAS and cancer: Supplementary Figure 2 displays the frequency vectors for three cancer genes with contrasting patterns: PTEN, FAT1, and KRAS. We see for example that KRAS has 24 singletons, 3 doubletons, and a few hot-spot variants that occur at very high frequencies including the G12D (appearing r = 142 times), G12V (r = 120 times), and G12C (r = 44 times) variants.