C9orf72 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In addition, we found that SNPs located in C9orf72 of T2D patients are significantly positively associated with ALS in the East Asian population (Fig. 4a: r = 0.50, 95% CI 0.41–0.57, p = 5.41E−26) but are significantly negatively associated with ALS in the European population (Fig. 4b: r = 0.51, 95% CI −0.41–−0.58, p = 5.99E−27).