The Research Trial of Aralast in New Onset Diabetes (RETAIN) study group reported that 12 infusions of human plasma-derived AAT (Aralast NP, Baxalta, Inc.)at a dose of 45–90 mg/kg/dose over 18 weeks were found to be safe in new-onset T1D patients aged 8–35 years [17]. Here, SERPINA1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.