Intrajugular administration of a single dose (1 × 106) of such stem cells alone or in combination with the chemoattractant, Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) at 3 hrs after cerebral ischemia in aged rats led to some improvement of some behavioural indices of recuperation at 48 days after the event [25,26]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and brain ischemia.