Moreover, oxidative stress-induced PTX3 is involved in the oxidative stress response and the expression of AMD-related genes, including complement factor I (CFI), complement factor H (CFH), apolipoprotein E (APOE), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), in human RPE cells and accelerated RPE cell death. Here, PTX3 is linked to age-related macular degeneration.