ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: NSCLC is characterized by genomic instability with mutations and translocations in oncogenes, such as the Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog proto-oncogene (KRAS), EGFR, ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK), ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) or phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and tumor suppressor genes, such as the tumor protein p53 (TP53), liver kinase B1 (LKB1), or Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11].