Comparable to neutrophil depletion (Figs 3D and EV2D), continuous treatment of mice that develop adenomas with either a TGFβ receptor inhibitor or a MMP2/9 inhibitor directly after adenoma initiation led to reduced average tumor size (Fig 5D and E), suggesting that both MMP9 and TGFβ promote colon adenoma growth. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.