AKT1 and neoplasm: HSPA1A is widely present in the cytoplasm, exosomes and cell membrane, and this protein induces tumour cell growth, cell migration as well as therapeutic resistance.29 HSPA1A fulfils various functions in tumour cells and is overexpressed in many different tumour types.30 In colorectal cancer, specific pharmacological inhibitors or the gene knockdown HSPA1A is being used as a new treatment strategy.31 HSPA1A is also a potential prognostic factor for metastatic disease with advanced serous carcinoma.32 HSPA1A also plays a role in the PI3K/AKT pathway.