Compared with other counties, Wuhua assumed higher allele frequencies in both α‐thalassemia (13.39%, P = .032) and ‐α3.7 deletion (2.75%, P = .045), and higher frequencies in αWSα allele of Xingning (0.60%, P = .001), in ‐α4.2 deletion of Jiaoling (1.45%, P = .023), in αCSα allele of Dabu (0.98%, P = .006), and in IVS‐II‐654(C → T) allele of Pingyuan (3.16%, P = .018) were showed compared with other counties separately. The gene discussed is ACSS2; the disease is alpha thalassemia spectrum.