VDR and endothelial dysfunction: Vitamin D deficiency is related to endothelial dysfunction and enhanced the risk of CVD.66, 67 The deficiency of this micronutrient has also been linked with cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and sudden cardiac death.66, 68 Experimental evidence showed the presence of vitamin D receptors in the heart of rats and believed to play major role in intracellular calcium homeostasis.69 Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency leads to enhanced contractility, hypertrophy, and fibrosis in rats.70 The role of vitamin D in T2D patients with CAD remains conflicting.