We next examined the effects of PNPLA3 overexpression on TNF‐α expression in PA‐treated HepG2 cells treated with an NF‐kB inhibitor to elucidate whether PNPLA3 regulates TNF‐α expression mediated by NF‐kB in NAFLD. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.