We next examined the effects of PNPLA3 overexpression on TNF‐α expression in PA‐treated HepG2 cells treated with an NF‐kB inhibitor to elucidate whether PNPLA3 regulates TNF‐α expression mediated by NF‐kB in NAFLD. The gene discussed is PNPLA3; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.