The establishment of these cells in a TGF‐β‐dependent manner is one of the primary objectives of mucosal vaccination and has been shown to be essential for hetero‐subtypic protection against influenza challenge.78 In humans, the imprinting of a Trm signature, including up‐regulation of the tissue residency marker CD103, on pulmonary T cells is a specialized function attributed to CD1c+, as opposed to CD141+, DCs and is dependent on TGF‐β. Here, TGFB1 is linked to influenza.