CD274 and neoplasm: Both tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic biomarkers of response and resistance to ICB in melanoma have been proposed, including tumor mutational burden (TMB) and neoantigen load8–11, immunohistological detection of PD-L1 and CD812 and genetic alterations affecting antigen presentation13,14, interferon (IFN)-γ signaling pathways15, alternative survival and proliferation pathways13,16,17 and aneuploidy18,19.