Thus, our findings, taken together with these earlier results, indicate that in AT-II lung epithelial cells, IKKβ is likely required to maintain an activated state of canonical NF-κB signaling, which is required for urethane-induced NSCLC development (Stathopoulos et al, 2007; Zaynagetdinov et al, 2012). This evidence concerns the gene IKBKB and non-small cell lung carcinoma.