In addition to carcinogen-induced skin SCC (Liu et al, 2008) and NPC (Yan et al, 2014), IKKα has also been suggested to act as a tumor suppressor in lung small cell carcinoma because kinase dead IKKα knock-in mice, which present only low levels of the IKKα(K44M) mutant protein, exhibit spontaneous lung SCC development and the recruitment of tumor-promoting inflammatory macrophages (Xiao et al, 2013). This evidence concerns the gene CHUK and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.