In our experiments, enhanced HIF-1α protein expression and activity in the absence of IKKα was most apparent in the murine urethane-induced NSCLC in vivo model and in human H1437 IKKαKD NSCLC cells grown as tumor xenografts or maintained in vitro either as tumor spheres or monolayer cells under hypoxic conditions. Here, HIF1A is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.