ET‐1 activates various signaling pathways through the cancer‐related receptor, ETAR. These pathways include MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt/β‐catenin, which are important for cell proliferation, survival, and stemness phenotype (Puglisi et al., 2011; Rosanò et al., 2013, 2014). The gene discussed is EDN1; the disease is cancer.