TLR4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether curcumin can attenuate HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and suppress NAFLD development in ApoE−/− mice by improving intestinal barrier function and reducing TLR4 ligand availability and suppressing hepatic TLR4-mediated inflammation, as well as further investigate the protective effects of curcumin on atherosclerotic liver injury.