TNF and Sepsis: Since TNF is able to bind and activate two different receptors, namely TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), generally considered as the inflammation-mediating receptor, and TNFR2, considered as the immune modulating receptor (11), we and others have argued that TNF/TNFR1 inhibition should be considered in sepsis rather than full TNF antagonism (12, 13).