TNF and Sepsis: The ELISA results showed that MaR1 treatment significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in sepsis mice and increased the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, suggesting that the protective effect of MaR1 on SA-AKI may, at least in part, be related to the inhibition of NF-κB pathway.