In contrast, β-tubulin IV + (forming with α-tubulin, the structural subunit of the microtubules) and FOXJ1 + (main transcription factor of ciliary differentiation) ciliated cells were decreased in COPD compared to controls in large airways (Figs. 1C–F, E1), whereas p63 + basal cells were not affected (Fig. 1G,H). The gene discussed is FOXJ1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.