Building upon this, the goal of this study was to determine if β2AR and/or GR agonists when given at near therapeutic dose range, individually as singular therapy or as combination, (recommended by clinicians for asthma and COPD) would exacerbate acute ozone-induced lung injury/inflammation and also systemic metabolic alterations that were not reported in our previous study8. Here, NR3C1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.