CYP1A1 and gestational diabetes: Recently, several microarray studies have verified that the cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) [16], fibronectin 1 (FN1), and leptin (LEP) [17] genes were essential for the pathogenesis of GDM.