Similar to TIM3+PD1Hi CD8+ T cells, significantly higher proportions of CD8+TIM3+PD1Hi within CD8+PD1+ were detected in tumor (median = 50, 34.57–67.72%) compared to peri-tumor (median = 39.47, 26–55.86%; P < 0.0001) (Fig. 4g), while the proportion of CD8+TIM3−PD1Hi within CD8+PD1+ was significantly lower in tumor than that in peri-tumor (Fig. 4h). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.