The frequency of functional criteria application in pilot variant interpretation varied widely among VCEPs (Fig. 1a), with the PAH and RASopathy VCEPs using PS3/BS3 at the highest frequency in their pilot variant classification (31/85 variants and 36/103 variants, respectively) while the CDH1 and Inherited Cardiomyopathy VCEPs applied PS3/BS3 less commonly (4/49 variants and 4/60 variants, respectively). This evidence concerns the gene CDH1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.