Some chemokines, such as CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL3, CCL5 and CCL11, have been reported to be elevated in the CSF of HAM/TSP compared to those of HTLV-1 infected individuals or other noninflammatory neurologic diseases [65, 114–116]. The gene discussed is CXCL10; the disease is tropical spastic paraparesis.