This demonstrated tumor suppressor role of hsa-miR-181d is consistent with findings showing that overexpression of miR-181d significantly suppressed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by downregulating Derlin-1, inhibiting cancerous cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle progression in vitro, as well as inhibiting tumorigenicity in vivo [43], as well as in glioma samples and cell lines, where ectopic expression of miR-181d suppressed proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by targeting K-ras and Bcl-2 [44]. This evidence concerns the gene DERL1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.