Since there is no veterinary clinical diagnosis for PCOS, we have proposed [12,121] and refined [13] PCOS-like diagnostic criteria for female rhesus macaques from two of the following three: (1) circulating total T levels ≥1 SD above the population or control mean T level (≥0.31 ng/mL, 1.1 nmol/L), (2) menstrual cycle intervals ≥34 days, (3) ≥10, ~1+ mm diameter antral follicles in at least one backlit, translucent ovary illuminated during laparoscopy or circulating AMH levels ≥10 ng/mL. Here, AMH is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.