S100B and HIV-1 infection: We hypothesize that HIV-1 Nef is the most plausible candidate to execute the molecular process of inter-regulation of the stabilities of viral and cellular proteins for the following reasons: First, unlike other HIV-1 viral proteins which exist only at a specific stage of HIV-1 infection, Nef expressed as an early gene in HIV-1 infection remains through the late stage in the host cells to be packaged into virions, as Nef is a virion protein [30,31,32].