S100B and HIV-1 infection: To elaborate, tat, rev, and nef genes are expressed at the early stage of HIV-1 infection, and the expressed Rev pumps out the structural genes harboring Rev-responsive element (RRE), such as gag, pol, and env, into the cytoplasm to produce the structural proteins at the late stage of virus life cycle in the infected cells [1,2,3,4,5].