OCLN and Testicular atrophy: While the Ocln -null mouse forms intact TJs, the animals have phenotypic alterations including growth retardation, thinning of compact bone, testicular atrophy, male infertility, loss of cytoplasmic granules in salivary epithelial cells, females are not able to lactate, brain calcification [132], and hyper proliferation of mucous epithelial cells in the intestinal lining [137].